Introduction The judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in Costa v ENEL (1964) is widely regarded as a foundational case in the development of European Union (EU) law. It is most commonly associated with establishing the doctrine of the supremacy, or primacy, of EU law ...
Read MOREWhat enduring influence does EU law have in the United Kingdom’s constitutional affairs now that the United Kingdom has withdrawn from the European Union?
Introduction The United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union, which was legally finalised on 31 January 2020, marked a fundamental ...
Read MOREDiscuss the treaty of Rome
Introduction The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, commonly known as the Treaty of Rome, was signed in 1957 and ...
Read MORETo what extent can someone use article 263 to challenge a measure of one of the institutions of the eu?
Introduction Article 263 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) provides the main route for the ...
Read MOREAdvice for WaveFon on Challenging Commission Regulation 454/2026
This advice will assess the legal options available to WaveFon, a Finnish mobile phone manufacturer, to challenge the validity of ...
Read MOREAdvising WaveFon on Challenging Commission Regulation 454/2026
Introduction This advice will consider the legal avenues available to WaveFon to challenge the validity of Commission Regulation 454/2026 (‘the ...
Read MOREAdvice Regarding State Liability for Failure to Transpose Directive (EU) 2019/1234
To: Marcus From: Trainee Legal Advisor Date: 27 October 2025 Re: Advice on a potential claim against the Austrian state ...
Read MORECritical Analysis of EU Citizenship and Free Movement Rights Linked to Economic Status
Original essay question / assignment brief Despite the lofty rhetoric in the Treaties and of the CJEU, citizenship of the ...
Read MORECritical Assessment of EU Supremacy Principle: CJEU and National Courts in Germany
Original essay question / assignment brief Critically assess the extent to which the principle of supremacy is established in the ...
Read MOREThe free movement of capital is still the least developed European Union internal market freedom
Introduction The European Union’s single market is founded upon four fundamental freedoms: the free movement of goods, services, persons, and ...
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