Introduction The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, commonly known as the Treaty of Rome, was signed in 1957 and represents a foundational moment in European integration. Its primary objective was to create a common market among its six founding members, fostering economic cooperation to ensure peace and prosperity. For ...
Read MORETo what extent can someone use article 263 to challenge a measure of one of the institutions of the eu?
Introduction Article 263 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) provides the main route for the ...
Read MOREAdvice for WaveFon on Challenging Commission Regulation 454/2026
This advice will assess the legal options available to WaveFon, a Finnish mobile phone manufacturer, to challenge the validity of ...
Read MOREAdvising WaveFon on Challenging Commission Regulation 454/2026
Introduction This advice will consider the legal avenues available to WaveFon to challenge the validity of Commission Regulation 454/2026 (‘the ...
Read MOREAdvice Regarding State Liability for Failure to Transpose Directive (EU) 2019/1234
To: Marcus From: Trainee Legal Advisor Date: 27 October 2025 Re: Advice on a potential claim against the Austrian state ...
Read MOREDespite the lofty rhetoric in the Treaties and of the CJEU, citizenship of the Union is not yet “the fundamental status of nationals of all the Member States”, and the extent of the free movement rights enjoyed by EU citizens are still very much defined by economic status. Critically discuss the above statement.
This essay will argue that the statement is largely correct. While the introduction of Union citizenship through the Maastricht Treaty ...
Read MORECritically assess the extent to which the principle of supremacy is established in the EU’s legal order. Take account of the approach taken by the CJEU and by national courts. Focus on one Member State of your choice
Introduction The principle of supremacy, or primacy, of European Union (EU) law is a fundamental doctrine of the EU’s legal ...
Read MOREThe free movement of capital is still the least developed European Union internal market freedom
Introduction The European Union’s single market is founded upon four fundamental freedoms: the free movement of goods, services, persons, and ...
Read MOREEU Directives can never enjoy horizontal indirect effects
This opinion will argue that the statement is false. The doctrine of indirect effect, also known as the principle of ...
Read MORECan a proposed Directive on a uniform mobile phone charger be adopted?
Introduction This response will determine whether a proposed Directive can be adopted by the European Union (EU) under the Ordinary ...
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